A-Zai

TensorFlow is an open‑source machine learning framework created by Google Brain that enables building, training, and deploying AI models. It uses **tensors** multi‑dimensional arrays to represent data and a **computational graph** to define how operations flow. The framework scales from small experiments on laptops to large‑scale distributed training on GPUs and TPUs. Its ecosystem includes tools like **Keras** for rapid prototyping, TensorFlow Lite for mobile and edge devices, and TensorFlow.js for running models in the browser. Widely used in computer vision, natural language processing, and other AI fields, TensorFlow remains a core platform for both research and production.

Text‑to‑Speech (TTS) is an AI‑driven technology that converts written text into natural‑sounding spoken audio. Modern TTS systems use deep learning models often neural networks like Tacotron, FastSpeech, or WaveNet to analyze text, predict how it should sound, and then generate a waveform that mimics human speech patterns, intonation, and rhythm. The process typically involves a text analysis frontend (which cleans and prepares the text, expands abbreviations, and converts it into phonemes) and a speech synthesis backend (which produces the actual audio).

Transformers are a deep learning architecture that revolutionized how AI processes sequential data such as language, audio, and video. Introduced in 2017 in the paper * Attention Is All You Need*, they replaced older recurrent models like LSTMs with a self‑attention mechanism that processes all tokens in a sequence simultaneously. This design allows each token to consider the importance of every other token, capturing context and relationships even across long distances. The original architecture used an encoder to create contextual representations of input sequences and a decoder to generate outputs step‑by‑step. Because they handle long‑range dependencies efficiently and scale well to massive datasets, transformers have become the foundation for modern large language models, vision transformers, and multimodal AI systems.